ABSTRACT
La espina bífida, o mielodisplasia, es una anomalía de origen multifactorial congénita que se presenta con mayor frecuencia durante el desarrollo embrionario. Se produce por el cierre parcial de los pliegues neurales conjuntamente con una fusión defectuosa de los arcos vertebrales. Su clínica es variable e incluye una serie de manifestaciones como expresión del compromiso neurológico. El diagnóstico se basa en la presencia de las manifestaciones clínicas ayudado de estudios imagenológicos. La corrección quirúrgica del defecto es la conducta terapéutica que se preconiza como adecuada. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 34 años de edad con mielomeningocele no corregido en edad infantil que se presenta con complicaciones infecciosas y secuelas neurológicas. Se administró esquema de antibioticoterapia con varios antibióticos de amplio espectro, y se decidió intervenir quirúrgicamente, con lo que se logró el cierre del orificio comunicante de la región espinal con el exterior. Además, se reconstruyó la zona aledaña al mielomeningocele para evitar posible sepsis del Sistema Nervioso Central. La paciente tuvo una evolución favorable y fue dada de alta hospitalaria a los 7 días posteriores a la intervención quirúrgica sin secuelas neurológicas(AU)
Spine bifida, or myelodysplasia, is a multifactorial congenital anomaly that occurs most frequently during embryonic development. It is produced by the partial closure of the neural folds together with a defective fusion of the vertebral arches. Its clinic is variable and includes a series of manifestations as an expression of neurological compromise. The diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical manifestations, aided by imaging studies. Surgical correction of the defect is the therapeutic conduct that is recommended as adequate. This report presents the case of a 34-year-old patient with uncorrected myelomeningocele in childhood who presented with infectious and neurological sequelae complications(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Spinal Dysraphism/surgery , Meningomyelocele/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
A partir del estudio seminal Management of Myelomeningocele Study en el año 2011, el cual demostró que la reparación prenatal del defecto del mielomeningocele antes de la semana 26 mejoraba los resultados neurológicos, la cirugía fetal fue incorporada dentro de las opciones de estándar de cuidado. Así, el diagnóstico prenatal del mielomeningocele dentro de la ventana terapéutica se convirtió en un objetivo obligatorio y, por ello, se intensificó la investigación de estrategias de tamizaje, sobre todo, en el primer trimestre. Además, se desarrollaron distintas técnicas de cirugía fetal para mejorar los resultados neurológicos y disminuir los riesgos maternos. El objetivo de la siguiente revisión es actualizar los avances en tamizaje y diagnóstico prenatal en el primer y segundo trimestre, y en cirugía fetal abierta y fetoscópica del mielomeningocel
A seminal study titled Management of Myelomeningocele Study, from 2011, demonstrated that prenatal myelomeningocele defect repaired before 26 weeks of gestation improved neurological outcomes; based on this study, fetal surgery was introduced as a standard of care alternative. Thus, prenatal myelomeningocele diagnosis within the therapeutic window became a mandatory goal; therefore, research efforts on screening strategies were intensified, especially in the first trimester. In addition, different fetal surgery techniques were developed to improve neurological outcomes and reduce maternal risks. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the advances in prenatal screening and diagnosis during the first and second trimesters, and in open and fetoscopic fetal surgery for myelomeningocele
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Fetus/surgery , Prenatal Care , Prenatal Diagnosis , Spinal Dysraphism , Meningomyelocele/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Therapies , FetoscopyABSTRACT
Abstract Congenital hemangioma is a benign tumor caused by dysfunction in embryogenesis and vasculogenesis, which progresses during fetal life to manifest as fully developed at birth. Although hemangiomas are the most common tumor of infancy, rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma has not been described in spondylocostal dysostosis. I report the novel association of congenital hemangioma and spondylocostal dysostosis in a Mexican newborn female patient with neural tube defects. Given the embryological relationship between skin and nervous system, I surmise that this association is not coincidental. I also propose that these morphologic alterations be incorporated to the spondylocostal dysostosis phenotype and specifically looked for in other affected children, in order to provide appropriate medical management and genetic counseling.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Skin Neoplasms/congenital , Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology , Hemangioma/congenital , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/pathology , Nervous System Neoplasms/congenital , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Thoracic Vertebrae/abnormalities , Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging , Meningomyelocele/pathology , Meningomyelocele/diagnostic imaging , Hemangioma/pathology , Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnostic imaging , Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology , Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Neural Tube Defects/pathology , Neural Tube Defects/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
El Mielomeningocele (MMC) es una malformación congénita frecuente asociada a morbimortalidad importante. El manejo post natal estándar no ha ofrecido cambios significativos en sus resultados en los últimos años. La publicación del MOMS (Management of Myelomeningocele study) en 2011 demostró que la cirugía fetal del MMC disminuía la necesidad de derivativa de líquido cefalorraquídeo, revertía la herniación del tronco cerebral y mejoraba la calidad de la marcha a los 30 meses de vida, a pesar de un mayor número de parto prematuro y complicaciones maternas. Estos resultados motivaron a nuestro grupo a iniciar una experiencia en cirugía fetal del MMC. Este trabajo generó un protocolo de manejo en Clínica Las Condes contabilizando a la fecha 26 casos operados con resultados alentadores. Los avances en esta técnica siguen adelante en pos de disminuir la incidencia de parto prematuro, abriendo la posibilidad al tratamiento intrauterino de otras patologías.
Myelomeningocele (MMC), is a common congenital malformation associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The standard postnatal management has offered no significant changes in its results in the last years. The publication of the MOMS (Management of Myelomeningocele study) in 2011 showed that fetal surgery for MMC decreased the need for shunt of cerebrospinal fluid, reversed brainstem herniation and improved ride quality at 30 months, despite a greater number of premature delivery and maternal complications. These results encourage our group to start an experience in fetal surgery for MMC. This work generated a management protocol at Clínica Las Condes accounting to date 26 cases operated with encouraging results. The advances in this technique are continuing towards reducing the incidence of premature delivery and opening the possibility of intrauterine treatment for other fetal pathologies.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/standards , Fetal Diseases/surgery , Arnold-Chiari Malformation , Prenatal Diagnosis , Pregnancy Outcome , Clinical Protocols , Spinal Dysraphism , Meningomyelocele/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , HydrocephalusABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To see the difference in clinical profiles, radiological findings and surgical outcome of the group 1 split cord malformation and meningomyelocele (SCM with MMC) from group 2 (SCM without MMC). METHODS: 46 patients of SCM were selected from a total of 138 cases of spinal dysraphism. They were divided into two groups, based on presence or absence of MMC. Group I (SCM with MMC) n =19 patients and Group II (SCM without MMC) n=27 patients. A detail clinical evaluation and MR screening of whole spine of all cases was performed. All patients underwent surgical detethering of cord. After an average follow-up of 1.7 years, the operative results were clinically assessed and statistical significance was calculated. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 1:09. Mean age of presentation was 3.6 years. Cutaneous markers like tuft of hair, cutaneous haemangioma, etc, had a higher incidence in group II in comparison to group I (50% vs 10.5%). The incidence of motor deficits was significant in group I in comparison to group II (63% vs 40%). The incidences of sensory loss, trophic ulcers, sphincteric dysfunction and muscle atrophy were relatively more common in group I patients, while neuro-orthopedic deformities such as congenital telepes equinovarus (CTEV), scoliosis and limb shortening were more frequent (67%) in group II children as compared to group I (53%). Type I SCM has higher incidence in group I children. Low lying conus were found in 47% patient of group I, while in group II it was noticed in 69%. The associated cranial anomalies like hydrocephalus, ACM and syrinx, were slightly higher in group I patients. At surgery, dysgenetic nerve roots, neural placode, arachnoid bands and atrophic cord were seen mainly in group I. Postoperative complications like, CSF leak, pseudomeningocele and meningitis were more commonly encountered in group I patients. The patients of group II showed better operative outcome compared to group I cases. CONCLUSION: Incidence of SCM with MMC amount to 41% of total SCM cases. Progressive neurological deficit was higher in this group (SCM with MMC) in comparison to the group harboring SCM without MMC. In view of a significant association of SCM in MMC cases, associated with other craniospinal anomalies, a thorough screening of neuraxis (by MRI) is recommended to treat all treatable anomalies simultaneously for desired outcome.